(Mohammad Masood Ahmed (2025), Would You Like To Know Something About Islam, Second Edition, Crescent Books Inc., New York, USA. Pg. 89-103)

Who is Allah

Allah is the proper and personal name of the Almighty, the Lord and Creator who made the universe and all it contains, including us, human-kind. This name, Allah, was not given to the Almighty by any human or Muslim; instead, He revealed it to us. This is confirmed by the first verse of the Holy Quran and the first Cardinal Article of Faith of Islam.

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ 1¹

BISMILLA HIR-RAHMA NIR-RAHIM

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful

Note: Muslims recite this whenever they begin any task. They invoke the name Allah to seek His blessing, mercy, and assistance in their endeavors, whether significant or trivial; thus, they avoid the interference of Satan and his evildoings. This affirms that Allah is His proper name.

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ 2²

AL-HAMDU-LILLAHI RABBIL-ALAMIN

All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds

Note: This is the opening verse of Surah al-Fatihah (The Opening Chapter), the first chapter of the Holy Quran. In this verse, too, the Almighty reveals Himself as Allah.

‌لا ‌إله ‌إلا ‌اللّٰه ‌محمد ‌رسول ‌اللّٰه.

LA ILAHA ILLALLAHU, MUHAMMADUR RASULULLAH

“(There is) no deity but Allah, Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah”

Note: To stay true as a Muslim or convert to Islam, one must verbally pronounce the Shahada or Kalimah (declaration) of faith, internalize it sincerely, and hold an unwavering belief in its authenticity. This Kalimah also affirms that His name is Allah.

In the Holy Quran, numerous other verses demonstrate that Allah is His proper name, as He revealed it to us. Allah also revealed that He possesses many attributes or qualities, known as Al-Asma ul-Husna, the Ninety-nine Beautiful Names of Allah. We should address Him by His proper name, Allah, or any of His attributive names. Since Allah is the name of His personal being and encompasses the meanings of all His attributes, it is preferable to call Him Allah. Simply uttering Allah brings numerous blessings and draws one closer to Him.

Allah revealed to ProphetMuhammad:

I was a hidden treasure and willed to be manifest, so I created what I created. ³

He alone is the Creator of everything and everyone. To initiate the creation process, Allah first fashioned the Nūr Muhammadi (light of Muhammad ) from His own Nur (Light). Additionally, Allah formed angels from that Nur. The jinn were made from fire, with Shaytan being part of this category. Furthermore, Allah created man from earthly soil, a fact which science also supports, showing that the elements found in the human body are also present in the earth.

In contrast to the births of other humans, the creation of ‘Adam , Hawwa’ , and ‘Isa (Jesus ) are Allah’s signs and immense creative power. Allah blessed Maryam (Mary) and miraculously bestowed her with a son, Prophet ‘Isa (Jesus) - without a father. This extraordinary birth does not make ‘Isa His son, nor does it make Allah his father. Allah is Wahid (one and alone), while everything else is His creation, which worships, serves, and submits to Him.

Allah is free from parents and did not choose to have offspring. He has no partner sharing in His essence or power. Allah stands alone; He is One. He neither begets nor has been begotten. There is none like Him, and He is unlike anyone or anything. No one is His equal. None interferes with Him or His actions. He acts according to His will. His plans and words remain unchanged. No one can question Him, nor is He accountable to anyone. Allah grants life and takes it away at predetermined moments. He commands clouds to release water whenever and wherever He chooses. Allah intertwines day with night and brings forth day from night. He set the celestial bodies in motion, maintaining their trajectory until their appointed time.

He is the All-Knower. Not a single leaf falls to the ground without His knowledge. He knows the needs of His creatures very well. He provides for everyone and sustains all beings; no creature is excluded from His care, regardless of their location—whether beneath the earth, deep in the seas, high above the skies, or in places we cannot even imagine. Apart from humans and jinn, no other creation possesses free will. They all submit to Him, worship Him (in their ways), and remain engaged in His remembrance.

Only humans and jinn are given the unique power of choice to choose between righteousness and deviation. Allah is Merciful and does not seek revenge for His personal sake, but rather to correct wrongs or uphold justice. He does not destroy a nation until He delivers His divine message and warnings, allowing them sufficient time to accept and submit. Although no creature can see Him, He sees everything. Humans cannot perceive or fully understand Him, except through His divine message and guidance. The preceding statements encapsulate His self-introduction. To gain deeper insight, I reference the following from the holy Quran regarding Allah’s nature:

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ 1 اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ 2 لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ 3 وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ 4⁴

Say you (O My Prophet! ), “He is Allah, the One,” Allah, the Independent (but) on Whom all depend. He did not beget, nor was He begotten—Nor is there anyone equal to Him.”

The following is a tafsir (interpretation) of a glorious verse, called Ayat al-Kursi (ayat: verse, kursi: throne). The words in parentheses represent a translation of the Quranic Arabic embedded within this unique explanation:

(Allah) Almighty is Self-Existing, Self-Sustaining. He has existed for eternity, is the embodiment of all and every outstanding quality, is free of all blemishes, alone is worthy of worship and (none) is (worthy of worship except Him) who has always remained (alive by Himself), is not in need of or reliant on anyone and will remain alive and in existence forever.

He will never experience death and is Self-Sufficient and is (for everyone), for the entire universe (the Sustainer) and He alone is responsible for the universes’ affairs. And (He does not feel drowsy) which is the precursor to sleep because He never experiences tiredness or drowsiness, and therefore is also free from inactiveness which is a result of being tired or drowsy.

(And) similarly (nor) does He (sleep) because while asleep, the nerves of the mind are relaxed after which knowledge and comprehension are rendered ineffective and become suspended, and the alertness and intelligence of sense become diminished. And it is clear that for Allah Almighty these characteristics are impossible because He is the Inventor of this great universe and is responsible for maintaining its affairs at every moment and every second, as there are changes happening at all times, that are occurring under His attention and with His knowledge. He is aware at all times of all things in their condition and is neither unaware nor asleep.

(It is His and belongs to Him all that which is in the skies and on the Earth); all the creation in the skies and on Earth are His subjects and His property, and everything is submissive to His power and wish. (And who is it that intercedes) for anyone (in His court except by His order). Allah Almighty’s greatness, high rank, and majestic attributes mean that without His permission no one can intercede in His presence.

Allah Almighty (is aware) of (everything that is in) the past of those who live in the skies and on Earth and that which (has gone before), that is, all that which has occurred in the world’s affairs, (and) knows (everything that is to come) in the future. Therefore, Allah Almighty is aware of both their past and future, (and) those of this universe (cannot encircle) or enclose (anything) that is (in His knowledge) and which He is aware of (except by His own will). In summary, leave alone the knowledge of the entire universe, a tiny iota of Allah Almighty’s vast knowledge is too difficult for a human to comprehend. Creatures only have the knowledge that is given to them by Him.

(Permission has been given by His throne), that is, His knowledge…or His greatness… or His power and ownership…or by His magnificent, powerful, everlasting, and immense creations that are below His kingdom but above the skies and is known as His throne; or whose reality no one except Allah Almighty is aware of, whether in (the skies or on Earth). In other words, His knowledge, His magnificence, power, and wisdom or His beautiful, gracious, and magnificent creations who have encircled the skies and the Earth and whose compound has within it the skies and Earth, and which (He finds no difficulty keeping watch on both). Watching over the well-being of the Earth and skies does not tire Allah Almighty, but in fact this caring is simple and very easy for Him. He is the Sustainer and Caretaker of all things, He does what He wills, His intention is firm, and that which He intends, He definitely makes it happen.

And why should not this be so because He is dominant and overpowering over all things, and (He is) above all matters (mighty and superior), magnificent, and exalted in His recognition, and this one revealed verse known and recognized as Aayat-ul-Kursi is more elevated and greater than any other verse of the Quran. ⁵

In the following verse, Allah describes Himself through a metaphor of blessed light.

اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكَاةٍ فِيهَا مِصْبَاحٌ الْمِصْبَاحُ فِي زُجَاجَةٍ الزُّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ زَيْتُونَةٍ لَا شَرْقِيَّةٍ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ يَكَادُ زَيْتُهَا يُضِيءُ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَمْسَسْهُ نَارٌ نُورٌ عَلَى نُورٍ يَهْدِي اللَّهُ لِنُورِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ 35⁶

Allah is the light of the heavens and the Earth. The likeness of His light is as a niche wherein is a lamp; that lamp is in (a chandelier of) glass; the chandelier is as a star glittering like a pearl, lit from a blessed olive tree, neither eastern nor western, whose oil is most luminous, even though no fire touches it. (This) is all light upon light! Allah guides unto His light whom He wills…

هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْمَلِكُ الْقُدُّوسُ السَّلَامُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ 23 هُوَ اللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ 24⁷

He is Allah, besides Whom there is none to be worshiped, Knower of everything hidden and open. It is He—the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. He is Allah—besides Whom there is none to be worshiped, the Sovereign of all, the Most Holy, the Bestower of peace, the Giver of security, the Guardian over all, the Esteemed One, the Mender of broken hearts, the Exalted in might. Glory be to Allah, He is far above what they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator of all, the Maker of all, the Fashioner of all. His are the most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and it is He, the All-Powerful, the All-Wise.

Tawhid: The Oneness of Allah

The belief in the oneness of Allah is central to Islam, and all other beliefs revolve around it. However, it is not merely a matter of belief but of firm conviction. Even though Allah is hidden and invisible to the naked eye, He is clearly conceivable through logical reasoning and common sense. Wherever we look and explore, we uncover a unified system and an immaculate work of precise calculations and careful movements. The perfection of Allah’s artistry in creation could not have resulted from the existence of more than one Lord or Supreme Being. He must be one; otherwise, there would be a clash in the universal system. Natural symmetry, balance, and the fundamental similarities among creatures could not exist without more than One Creator. Furthermore, human nature would have been divided and significantly different in its most essential aspects, but since this is not the case, it indicates that the Creator is One. If there were more than one god, various creatures, systems of life, and human nature itself would not only differ greatly, but it would also be impossible for them to coexist for even a moment.

Thus, throughout human history, in various ways, religions have taught about the existence of a single Supreme Being, a great God, even if some adhere to the belief in lesser deities. Experience indicates that even those who profess disbelief in any god secretly feel that this remarkable universe is the creation of a Supreme Being.

Every scientific discipline appears to acknowledge that this universe and all within it result from a supreme and powerful being. Their research findings consistently point to the existence of such a being. In attempts to refute this idea, some individuals ironically bolster the argument for its existence or, at best, fail to provide concrete evidence against it. The harder they try to disprove Him, the more they inadvertently affirm His existence.

Humans are inherently connected to the Creator. Therefore, no matter how much they may have forgotten Him, they still call on Him, particularly when they are in need of assistance and when no one else can help. They turn to Him whenever their strength and intelligence falter and return to Him when there is nowhere else to go and no one else to look to or turn to. This, along with many other daily life experiences, suggests that a mighty Lord exists; that He is One and cannot be more than One. Every divine revelation affirms this unity, as do our natural faculties.

Acknowledging the Oneness of Allah is more than a belief; it is a factual declaration. When we sincerely affirm this truth, we open ourselves to entering Islam and returning ‘home’. Tawhid, or the Oneness of Allah, forms the core of its belief system, while shirk represents its antithesis. Shirk (associating partners with Allah) is considered an unforgivable sin, but can be pardoned if one accepts Allah’s Oneness along-side the full message of Islam. The guidance from Allah is unequivocal: no one should engage in shirk. Therefore, according to Islamic teachings, a mushrik—someone who commits shirk until his death—has no place other than eternal Hell.

The concept of tawhid is that Allah is one and has no partners. Shirk refers to associating an idol or a human with Allah’s being and relating someone or something to Allah as His partner, parent, son, or daughter. It involves considering someone equal in power and attributes or believing that a person has the personal power or ability to interfere or intercede in Allah’s will or His work.

The primary purpose of each prophet from ‘Adam to Muhammad , the Final Prophet, including, but not limited to Nuh (Noah) , Ibrahim (Abraham) , Dawud (David) , Salih , Musa (Moses) , and ‘Isa (Jesus) , was to prevent their people from committing shirk (polytheism). They urged their community to affirm tawhid (the Oneness of Allah), denounce shirk, and forsake the worship of anything other than Allah. Given the sacrifices and efforts of the prophets, who preached under challenging circumstances and educated people about Allah and His Oneness, any punishment from the Lord is warranted for those persisting in shirk. Today, this remains a significant concern; individuals must avoid shirk to prevent becoming the ultimate loser.

The clear and divine revelations affirming the Oneness of the Lord, along with those explicitly denying any other deity, lead to a definitive conclusion: only Allah, the Omniscient and Omnipotent Lord, is worthy of worship. Consequently, directing worship towards anyone other than Allah constitutes shirk. Muslims do not worship any prophets nor associate them with Allah’s worship in any form. While all Prophets are selected individuals, some enjoy a closer relationship with Allah than others, and Prophet Muhammad holds the highest position among them. Prophets , angels , saints, and others should be cherished, honored, respected, and remembered, but not worshiped. Worship is exclusively reserved for Allah.

The teachings of our beloved Prophet Muhammad convey a profound understanding of the Almighty. Allah is our Lord, the Creator, All-Powerful, All-Knowing, All-Present, and the Sustainer, with all providence originating from Him. He alone is Eternal, granting life and taking it away, forgiving sins while punishing wrongdoers; His knowledge encompasses everything, leaving nothing hidden from Him. Hence, Allah is the sole Deity deserving of our worship.

Allah Love his Creation

Allah created everything in the best manner and according to its purpose. Each creature lives by natural rules and plays specific roles established by Allah. As such, He provided creatures with everything necessary to fulfill their purpose. Since human beings have a higher purpose, He endowed them with free will, intelligence, morality, common sense, and other qualities, creating them in His image (reflection). Being created in His image does not mean that Allah resembles man; rather, it signifies that humans reflect His attributes in a manner proportionate to their limited capacity. ⁸ No other creature has been granted this honor. How can all this be devoid of love?

We evidently love what we create with our own hands, even though we are not truly the creators of anything. We merely assemble what He offers us as raw material. Since we cherish what we produce, He must love us even more, for He made us the finest among His creation. How can we fulfill the purpose of our lives without His care and love?

In the holy Quran, Allah introduces Himself as Al-Rahman, the Most Compassionate, and Al-Rahim, the Most Merciful. How can He embody compassion and mercy without love? While He had the option to choose various attributes, He deliberately selected Al-Rahman and Al-Rahman to highlight His love and mercy from the outset.

As His creations, we receive His unconditional love without needing to meet any special requirements; it is available to all equally. However, when we seek additional love and compassion, we must earnestly ask for His mercy and strive to qualify for it. Our Lord is indeed abundant in love for His creations. In addition to being Beneficent, Compassionate, and Merciful, He is Al-Wudud, The Most-Loving. Numerous other attributes of our Almighty Lord also demonstrate His love for us.

He knew that in this world, we would commit sins; thus, in the Holy Quran, He declares:

وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَبِّي رَحِيمٌ وَدُودٌ 90⁹

And ask for forgiveness from your Lord; then bow down towards Him; without a doubt my Lord is truly Forgiving and profoundly Loving.

His warnings serve our best interests. In declaring His absolute power and majestic nature, He simultaneously expresses His deep love for all beings. While He possesses the ability to enact His will freely, He chooses to extend His love towards us. As revealed in the Quran:

إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ 12 إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ 13 وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ 14 ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ 15 فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ 16¹⁰

Without a doubt your Lord’s hold is quite severe. Without a doubt, He creates the first time and He is to do it the second time around. And He is All-Forgiving and Most-Loving, the owner of the magnificent Throne; the Doer of whatever He wills.

The Quran furthermore states that Allah loves:

• Those who do good. ¹¹
• The repentant and the pure. ¹²
• Those who are mindful (of Him). ¹³
• Those who love Him and follow Prophet Muhammad . ¹⁴
• Those who are good. ¹⁵¹⁶
• Those who patiently persevere. ¹⁷
• Those who trust in Him ¹⁸
• Fair judges ¹⁹
• Those who are mindful (of their obligations). ²⁰
• Those who make themselves pure. ²¹
• Those who believe and do what is morally right. ²²
• Those who are evenhanded. ²³
• The tolerant. ²⁴
• Those who fight in His cause in tight formations. ²⁵

In addition to these Quranic testimonials to Allah's love for us, numerous sayings of the Prophet Muhammad bear witness to the fact that Allah loves us.

The Holy Prophet said: “Allah, the Blessed and exalted, said: ‘My love is obliged for those who love each other in Me, and those who sit with each other in Me, and those who visit each other in Me, and those who give to each other generously in Me.” ²⁶

The Prophet () said that Allah Himself said, “My servant draws closer to Me through the religious duties I placed upon him. My servant then continues to draw closer to Me with voluntary (good actions) until I love him. When I love him, I become his ears that he uses to hear, his eyes that he uses to see, his hand that he uses to hold and his foot that he uses for walking. If he then asks Me for anything, I would surely grant it to him, and when he asks for My protection, I will surely give it to him…” ²⁷

Moreover, the Prophet Muhammad conveyed that Allah cherishes those who exercise restraint in this world, alongside those who are mindful of Allah, independent of desires, and not seeking recognition from others.

A man came and said: “O Prophet of Allah, direct me to a deed for which I shall be loved by Allah and by people when I have done it.” He replied: “If you practice abstinence in the world, Allah will love you, and if you abstain from people’s possessions, people will love you.” ²⁸

Allah’s Prophet () said: “Allah loves the servant who is Allah-conscious and is free from want and is hidden (from the view of people).” ²⁹

The message of Allah’s love in Islam, evident in both the Quran and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad , is unmistakable. Allah is the Loving, overflowing with tender affection. He is The Most Compassionate, surrounding us with a protective embrace and providing a lifeline whenever we wander off the path. He is the Most Merciful, showing mercy to believers and all of humanity, and His mercy encompasses everything.

On the Day of Judgement, His mercy towards His servants will be ninety-nine times greater than all the mercy that all of creation has ever shown to one another. He is also The Forgiving, and He loves to forgive us; He will continue to forgive us as long as we ask for forgiveness and sincerely repent. His love and mercy are always eager to reach us if we take a few steps toward Him. This, and much more that we have not mentioned here, illustrates the Islamic concept of Allah .

Allah has naturally gifted us with common sense and other attributes that enable us to discover, connect with, and worship Him. Without these abilities, the journey would have been incredibly challenging. He alleviated the struggle and pain of searching for Him on one's own. This reflects His profound love for us.

Allah has sent prophets successively to guide us toward ultimate success. Through a Divine Book, He revealed a comprehensive life system that helps us discern what is beneficial and detrimental in this world and for the Hereafter. He has endowed us with the faculties necessary to explore, understand, and utilize His blessings, allowing us to express gratitude and fulfill our life’s purpose.

He fostered love and affection within us, enabling parents to nurture their children, children to support their parents, couples to lead happy, peaceful, and productive lives, and establish fulfilling relationships with others.

Nothing is achievable without His love. This love calls us to understand our Master, to know Him fully, to follow His guidance appropriately, to acknowledge His existence, to worship Him rightly for His approval, and to express gratitude for what He has provided and what He ultimately desires to bestow upon us: success in the Hereafter.

Where else can we discover a Lord who rewards us for taking care of ourselves? Before asking us to fulfill our obligations to Him, He instructs us to uphold our duties to one another. When genuine believers act towards others for His pleasure, He views it as worship and bestows full rewards upon them. Even actions associated with direct worship offer boundless benefits to the worshiper, not Allah . Where else do we encounter such a Lord? Nowhere, for He is the One and Only.

The ‘lords,’ ‘masters,’ and ‘bosses’ of this world expect personal service and favors before they help us; however, the Lord of all lords is distinct. He gives without requiring anything in return. That Lord embodies Compassion, Mercy, and Justice. Islam instructs its followers to invite others to Allah and His path ³⁰, urging them to understand this truth, to become His genuine servants, and strive towards the ultimate success.

Since it is human nature to seek understanding of the Supreme Being, people ask numerous questions about His form and existence. The following should provide a well-rounded understanding of Allah, the Almighty Lord.

Q&A about Allah

1. What is the gender of Allah?
   Gender pertains to creatures, not the Creator. Allah transcends any gender classification. He is distinct from us and all His creations. Allah is neither male nor female; He is the Supreme Being, beyond gender definitions. When we refer to Allah with a pronoun, we use a masculine one not to suggest that He is male, but because He employed it in the divinely revealed texts.
2. Is Allah aware of our actions before or after they happen?
   One of Allah’s attributes is His Omniscience. He knows everything that is happening now and all future events, including our deeds and motivations. His boundless knowledge encompasses all things, from beginning to end, spanning realities far beyond our comprehension.
3. Can we see Allah?
   We are not granted the ability to see Him. If we were able to see Him in this world, everyone would inevitably believe in His existence, rendering faith unnecessary. On the Day of Judgment, only the Successful Ones will behold the Lord. At the same time, the faithless, the losers, will face immense disappointment and unimaginable pain from their inability to see Him, even then. So near, yet so distant!
4. How can we know if he is pleased with our actions?
   When we perform an action or a good deed to please Him and follow His instructions, we should maintain an unshakeable belief that Allah is pleased with our actions. The true satisfaction of the heart and mind, along with an unexplainable contentment and joy felt within the soul, indicates the acceptance of that good deed and that it has earned the pleasure of Allah. For example, a simple smile on our parents' faces, a thumbs-up gesture from our coach, or a handshake with our boss signifies contentment and joyful victory. We sense Allah’s acceptance of our good deeds within our hearts, radiating from our faces.
5. What difference does the belief in the ‘Oneness of Allah’ make in Muslims?
   Belief in the Oneness of Allah fosters complete focus on the Supreme Being while submitting to His will, engaging in acts of direct worship, following His commands, nurturing a spiritual connection, and feeling both fear and accountability. This belief clears away confusion and brings contentment to the soul. It reassures us that we have only one source for help, justice, and the satisfaction of our legitimate desires. Moreover, it instills strength, confidence, a sense of belonging, tranquility for the heart, mind, and soul, as well as hope, dignity, and unwavering faith.
   Since Allah is One, His message and guidance must also be one. The way of life prescribed by Him is likewise singular. The unity of Allah fosters unity among all, and the powerful energy that radiates from this unity is immense. The Unity of Allah represents perfection, and anyone who approaches this perfection finds absolute satisfaction.
6. Why does Allah not have Children?
   The concise answer is that Allah does not need children. However, this straightforward response may not be sufficient for everyone, so I will elaborate further.
   The reproductive system is placed in humans and other beings, allowing them to multiply and continue the world's existence. However, this is not the case with Allah. He is everlasting and omnipotent, capable of maintaining Himself independently without assistance from others.
   Having children signifies a vulnerability and the eventual acknowledgment that parents will pass away, leading to children taking the reins. A human father often shows inherent weakness and relies on a child's assistance to maintain strength. A child addresses a father's needs, who might struggle with various deficiencies, or if he is affluent, the father needs an heir to preserve his legacy or wealth. These circumstances all point to underlying weaknesses.
   However, Allah is not weak and does not require children. His attributes clearly demonstrate this. In biological reproduction, a male needs a female to have offspring. Allah has never taken a companion of any kind; thus, He does not have children.

• ¹  Holy Quran, Al-Fatihah, 1: 1
• ²  Holy Quran, Al-Fatihah, 1: 2
• ³  Shamaa’il Tirmidhi
• ⁴  Holy Quran, Al-Ikhlas, 112: 1-4
• ⁵  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah, 2: 255
• ⁶  An-Nur, 24: 35
• ⁷  Holy Quran, Al-Hashr, 59: 22-24
• ⁸  Holy Quran, Surah Ar-Rum, 30: 30
• ⁹  Holy Quran, Surah Hud, 11: 90
• ¹⁰  Holy Quran, Al-Burooj, 85: 12-16
• ¹¹  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah, 2: 195
• ¹²  Holy Quran, Al-Baqarah, 2: 222
• ¹³  Holy Quran, Al-Imran, 3: 76
• ¹⁴  Holy Quran, Al-Imran, 3: 31
• ¹⁵  Holy Quran, Al-Imran, 3: 134
• ¹⁶  Holy Quran, Al-Ma'idah, 5: 13
• ¹⁷  Holy Quran, Al-Imran, 3: 146
• ¹⁸  Holy Quran, Al-Imran, 3: 159
• ¹⁹  Holy Quran, Al-Ma'idah, 5: 42
• ²⁰  Holy Quran, At-Tawbah, 9: 4
• ²¹  Holy Quran, At-Tawbah, 9: 108
• ²²  Holy Quran, Maryam, 19: 96
• ²³  Holy Quran, Al-Hujurat, 49: 9
• ²⁴  Holy Quran, Al-Mumtahanah, 60: 8
• ²⁵  Holy Quran, As-Saff, 61: 4
• ²⁶  Al-Muwatta of Imam Malik, hadith #1551
• ²⁷  Hadith-e-Qudsi
• ²⁸  Al-Tirmidhi, hadith #1350; also transmitted by Ibn Majah
• ²⁹  Muslim, hadith #1384
• ³⁰  Holy Quran, The Bee, 16: 125